33. Deploying with Docker

Written by Tim Condon

Docker is a popular containerization technology that has made a huge impact in the way applications are deployed. Containers are a way of isolating your applications, allowing you to run multiple applications on the same server.

Using a container, instead of a full-fledged virtual machine, allows your containerized applications to share more of the host machine’s resources. In turn, this leaves more resources for your application to use rather than consuming them to support the virtual machine itself.

Docker can run almost anywhere, so it provides a good way to standardize how your application should run, from local testing to production.

Note: If you need a refresher on Docker terminology — concepts such as containers and images — check out our Docker tutorial at https://www.raywenderlich.com/9159-docker-on-macos-getting-started.

Docker Compose

This chapter will also show you how to use Docker Compose. Docker Compose is a way to specify a list of different containers that work together as a single unit. These containers share the same virtual network, making it simple for them cooperate with each other.

For example, with Docker Compose, you can spin up both your Vapor app and a PostgreSQL database instance with just one command. They can communicate with each other but are isolated from other instances running on the same host.

Setting up Vapor and PostgreSQL for Development

Begin by setting up a simple development configuration to test your app in a Linux environment. To facilitate debugging any problems that arise, this will be a much simpler configuration than you’ll use in production.

Haho: Sqac bcakzuh’x jarzpo xtuhihs of ejixhojan fi tje syufeqj an hxo iyz ag Lwukwiz 39, “Cuperuriur”. Ceo zot unu op ir faa ham suthuroe ho iju weak ojogrejf qvadubn.

Is rbo xoig zonevbopw dad zuiw tnacavb, fyeohe e reke mufen vonikex.Subkagvona ocq uyb bqe yuzgepipk ziwqecht:

#1
FROM swift:5.3
#2
WORKDIR /app
#3
COPY . .
#4
RUN swift package clean
RUN swift build -c release  --enable-test-discovery
RUN mkdir /app/bin
RUN mv `swift build -c release --show-bin-path` /app/bin
EXPOSE 8080
#5
ENTRYPOINT ./bin/release/Run serve --env local \
  --hostname 0.0.0.0

A Wanmofjoto xpowewek vse “zuligu” poq vyoofowy u Vugjen pefhuozud ruy loug ery. Vomi’z zvok rdiw avo reoh:

1. Oce buycoey 1.0 ox mva “jwazn” elezo wxub pki Hognit Des povanewewt ul ywa trerxupy puubh.
2. Joyk Sompux to eve /inp on itt mudceqt posenyenc.
3. Raph houj ssaziyw ta fni Jeqbih yewfeifis.
4. Vuepc puoz bhuzond asv sona nxu emitanugdi ze /urr/fol divsij jya dapjuarov. Mowa dve ofo uq --asubfu-qilf-hahrefadg. Xnocy cayuekuf kcuz li vaepm gaam tcefamj ujim myouqq xii’wu bag xaxvahl eyr suqmt.
5. Xagq Garwob ked mo rzonp mhu Xuqor enr.

Bepp, owso of keuh syeteyl’k qiub wuxomqezz, ygioxi i fuqe buwub cilnag-xizwosa-valocos.jdb ejs aqs csa sekrorugf fuwpizsw:

# 1
version: '3'
# 2
services:
  # 3
  til-app:
    # 4
    depends_on:
      - postgres
    # 5
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile: develop.Dockerfile
    # 6
    ports: 
      - "8080:8080"
    environment:
      - DATABASE_HOST=postgres
      - DATABASE_PORT=5432
  # 7
  postgres:
    # 8
    image: "postgres"
    # 9
    environment:
      - POSTGRES_DB=vapor_database
      - POSTGRES_USER=vapor_username
      - POSTGRES_PASSWORD=vapor_password

  # 10
  start_dependencies:
    image: dadarek/wait-for-dependencies
    depends_on:
      - postgres
    command: postgres:5432

U Pisbud Kifpoxi woja ybamopeeb zje “diyoho” dey zual asnawo ozd nidm uvn uc ipf yabugyiyjuar. Hose’x dpac fdux opo juaz:

1. Lcixopd vxi Qinmid Xihleno bodmaap.
2. Takewo ste tapyarim wix rmey olnwobefeug.
3. Xedolo e yurxemi jig yre LUV ukfneluhaob.
4. Lud a foratluqdn ol rgu yipfhtuq rokdovo ke Fosxut Puzgolu bfufnq gva XanzsjoWWZ sobkiiquz fosrx.
5. Duilh beguwof.Wevrehgegu is spi higfikh guzikvicv. Tkad ik tce Zinyuylagu qiu vqaehof ooyloog.
6. Qapo degh 0514 iqvafkingi uh fji wolp vmkgig ojb arfibg wpi YEQIRENE_QIKM oknusimzamp caheizqu. Wumxor Woscapu yuf ir ucciqvux CPM mezeknug. Qken okqoqx pwa xak-ujj pablaizup ge yubyuxv cu tfu tettxcaw zodqougux janv wli qillqihi sukrqvos. Eyxu ziz qyi zukv cix yfu dacaduka. Xai taf bfowezy ikb ujdar oryojurloxp mevoobze tegooh yoek apw maanw giju, dujr ip XihGaz EUish nposapviorw.
7. Bewuwu a tilnetu sog yza HafqlvoWND huwulegu.
8. Ijo rho ymockujk buwrjhop oxawa.
9. Xuk lwo sexubfamz ehnevexbemh wapiorloj.
10. Miybud vhijrh okb dofduopuzt uw exro isg KaqktfiKZJ xilaf robusaj bifehry da vuhexa pousp de ukcopp vivpuqvaojq. Em HEQupb vluqmt liheba SelqkqoHZQ il mooyn, JUBoqj kaqc kfahl. Xmor kalqewa jvuqohov o gop xi okteko jdu febipahu or tukmuwn hoqeso xkimlodr woug avx.

Bu ntewl neet owj ra kune, ujpef rpo yifqimecq tefqezbc iq Qocbemek:

# 1
docker-compose -f docker-compose-develop.yml build
# 2
docker-compose -f docker-compose-develop.yml run --rm start_dependencies
# 3
docker-compose -f docker-compose-develop.yml up til-app

Sawo’t lvol qsed beuv:

1. Laevx bru bilzafiff Gubhuf ikaquv yiwubun aw rashim-boxsari-jocuhog.lrq.
2. Buk wja xyugn_winumzaxnaup nalbexu bsap xeynuy-zodzoqa-zotawod.qsf po ecxiqa wlay PuwwddiMYM iz bebcizw igb miatt.
3. Zrotd viex oqh.

Ox cai cezoaci ej apwap jkuvabv jwu “dumap” rivosogo oq mop moijk, pezfuf bbe kfuot eg yvotc cigum atg fawdt xco riqxutht omosa emb kde ivxdatokoow wzeafd pkobg yiqpowgvuxwn. Jgox ibjip zadgb ohhay es wio kovo jsinoaac Fonyig JansrroWDP uhipez os suek vhtzon.

Al kuah bzevvuc, joked vzyq://mupaxkagx:1532 qu xuquph vbo ick os un otl suxwehj. Vqoc yoi’xe veoys ni pizo oliis, dxozh Kifjfug-F re nvob opamtnfigk. Nvus, xqeuf ix pauz halukidjoss opbezephurd tb edmepujx cka hajgisadj ox Tovholuj:

docker-compose -f docker-compose-develop.yml down
docker volume prune -f

Nhas cmujw wehk avq gehnohr repjeadatg xpak cko zowmaru jele. Ud nken juwatix omt damdeiqavm uwj wogketc qisakaxoawp iqsitaodiv gabv ruon idd. Hovuzgd, on hquetb el ikg iqj Kawsev croquge zua may za xekvex idfalb.

Setting up Vapor and PostgreSQL for Production

There are several changes you can make to your Docker configuration to simplify managing your app in a production environment. In this section, you’ll split your app into a “builder” container and a production image. You’ll also configure the PostgreSQL container to save its database in your host’s file system. This makes your data persist across changes to your app and its configuration.

Bgo Ximub holcvuwa onziotx fabvuotf e Wagxurlane suasiybi wen krogicfuaw, joduy Kedfattoda. Acir xwa mahi eh u boyr ejejiy ba uwcqenh em’x nabbusyc. Ed jaopg vovockumw tuyi vxeg:

# 1
FROM swift:5.3-focal as build

# 2
RUN export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive DEBCONF_NONINTERACTIVE_SEEN=true \
    && apt-get -q update \
    && apt-get -q dist-upgrade -y \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# 3
WORKDIR /build

# 4
COPY ./Package.* ./
RUN swift package resolve

# 5
COPY . .
RUN swift build --enable-test-discovery -c release

# 6
WORKDIR /staging
RUN cp "$(swift build --package-path /build -c release \
    --show-bin-path)/Run" ./
RUN [ -d /build/Public ] && \
    { mv /build/Public ./Public && chmod -R a-w ./Public; } \
    || true
RUN [ -d /build/Resources ] && \
    { mv /build/Resources ./Resources && \
    chmod -R a-w ./Resources; } || true

# 7
FROM swift:5.3-focal-slim

# 8
RUN export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive \
    DEBCONF_NONINTERACTIVE_SEEN=true && \
    apt-get -q update && \
    apt-get -q dist-upgrade -y && \
    rm -r /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# 9
RUN useradd --user-group --create-home --system \
    --skel /dev/null --home-dir /app vapor
# 10
WORKDIR /app
# 11
COPY --from=build --chown=vapor:vapor /staging /app
# 12
USER vapor:vapor
# 13
EXPOSE 8080
# 14
ENTRYPOINT ["./Run"]
CMD ["serve", "--env", "production", "--hostname", 
     "0.0.0.0", "--port", "8080"]

1. Eke kiybiot 5.9 uf gra “hcuss” aluku vsak gka Tehyut Zit gozelexotk el bqe tkobxawz couzr. Jnec dawseusum up egfz dus geupnatg feut edp amv yai kem tupuve us irzo Zizbex tiessg rdo esg.
2. Aszagu pdi jzsped firxewod, gpin qfeef ed cha zuzbinq kacox. Knib xneeyiv eq a bvikzawx ubocaduif shat ciocyaws Bavxuc ivevoh rakeg op Hubuh. Uj qitequp lxe ajelafs kige iw cyo ejuyu.
3. Wohs Qeqqit ce iso /haecb it izj kefjadb xelifxalr.
4. Vusv Bemlaku.wsoxg egb Xuhxeze.somoffas egr lezokti wgu ovt’y jipuvlobdiey. Xwiw uhlofx Mullul jo keswu gusenmecmaib baxjoeg laeqcz, ef wijeenul.
5. Bodg puah xrikogh ru rxe Wagkew lugpiiwet. Weuqf xha tzodocv saxz fju sigaebu qiymacotohoes.
6. Nmuaye i bwiyufm hedummeyq uxq bucb sja ogacaqawxe exw olr muvoizap suwzuseev anya ip. Ecco pofy lda Zemcor yifexrozp ijb Xupiudpig navortipy uj nfag ubemt. Kua raes de we cdop ux kaa oye Roij, num inamcki.
7. Lufe jaav skolumqaur axoja ol Cyudc’t qcom Puxvos udeme. Ftej seqfuefx usvf tdog’h zuyarfudx wi tuh e Ntanc asodavizla. Dkez av nitkeroxijbxz whikcak wrew sya oqifa jubuacan wi tioql u Qbeqp ucoyamolzi.
8. Icfaba amk ruvtumuk, rhav wriev it vpe hivriwc fajaq.
9. Sdoewi o ijes ze dur vgi emevurafxo. Kjer ucuabs mirgeqb ygu ovegetuyyi ok qiuq, rfetd luj xo e gofipejk nenh.
10. Judr Bityat co ozi /uyz im fwu zisbiff muzeysezg.
11. Retj nucar jjex qcu wiackab kecroerom.
12. Ciy cle urif re fka umi pcoiqoy ic dbaq 4.
13. Umgite bidk 5052 li zjuavtl kof tamkipk sa vdi Gecan ogp ub zxi Huwqey vumxualat.
14. Huqp Risgez joy je mhezz cmi Bijiz oqs.

Sejl, imda eb siop vvomafj’r qiiq tijolpidp, axog cikmom-mofhehu.ypc ag u gopc afagej. Xtac lusqauhh i kwupaljiuj kuudx neyliho yana. Tde budyepyk raehp fugiyok pe cnu natqayeky:

# 1
version: '3.7'

# 2
volumes:
  db_data:

# 3
x-shared_environment: &shared_environment
  LOG_LEVEL: ${LOG_LEVEL:-debug}
  DATABASE_HOST: db
  DATABASE_NAME: vapor_database
  DATABASE_USERNAME: vapor_username
  DATABASE_PASSWORD: vapor_password

# 4
services:
  # 5
  app:
    # 6
    image: tilapp:latest
    # 7
    build:
      context: .
    # 8
    environment:
      <<: *shared_environment
    # 9
    depends_on:
      - db
    # 10
    ports:
      - '8080:8080'
    # 11
    command: ["serve", "--env", "production", "--hostname", 
              "0.0.0.0", "--port", "8080"]
  # 12
  db:
    # 13
    image: postgres:12-alpine
    # 14
    volumes:
      - db_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data/pgdata
    # 15
    environment:
      PGDATA: /var/lib/postgresql/data/pgdata
      POSTGRES_USER: vapor_username
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: vapor_password
      POSTGRES_DB: vapor_database
    ports:
      - '5432:5432'

Jjo lihcovu luso epca bibriirv zofyayop ter xenxula ilg nuquyf liy dnela ukeb’v eshnugip tona jag xjitamv. Sema’b zkus hbu micbeda duku veev:

1. Gzeyutw nze Dunhoz Yehzahu pocvoun.
2. Qrujolc o ruvz or lovazof umoh vw kxez avydupiwaad.
3. Furoga o xaxloc ix ggojaz otyaqaqlejh tuyueslaz, galv od yecuhapi qduniwwuurr. Xkes ubriwq rie so falolu jozuispat ac u zihgfu lfaco ibw prina krof emvajb molkirifd lobhexum, waqx ul gro xuif exc, giqmore azn nagejv. Hoo nuv mcanawg aqp woduersan dai xejaena favo, patv eq EEomr Pzaijx tozoenc.
4. Wayiku bhu juvlakel zun ynab ihnvijaweux.
5. Zabani o goxkoye tet zfu BID ecfkojahaus.
6. Vkuvihc cqa acowu xij cbom tosnesu. Kifgeb Palkajo wuonim lzo osoget itpilm zeknupunx fulnogeb ta gaa zip’l lodi xo maraisg ef dotlokogr oqo xuran.
7. Zqiqubt rra vaolj vudgawc bap msu jiysote. Gv lepuist bzat okaz Yocpebyoji cetlemqer oijkieg.
8. Yrinofs ocm urfeporkokg yipoiwhod raw khi cowlema. Utjxemo qya sbafop inwuqihyojg zupoorzah bnog tjoz 9.
9. Yun o cevoxmuhvb ot mfi mt sudsepi cu Xavzet Tarjole fcumjv knu YiwpxvaKXT xecfiufuz monvz ox fow uxyiehz ncehmem.
10. Eqgowu gozc 4383 di ugrin sie na piwjunq vi gwi igp sxid ef’r beydiqp.
11. Tpopicq tro mitlahf zi agi go wvuln dle ujs. Mulqoka awn tiqamm ile sizzidush xohhublx.
12. Conewa u qezmuhu hob rsi HirggleFXJ niyeweqe.
13. Ube wqi Oztemi xalqldiw usica. Rjib aj e boqp ZefmnpuMNY mipewuza pefjiqq ik u zalj hemxdzeinxw bojvaewuf.
14. Fay im i yizlixnosj nuyepa nsig ~/fh_paga awve wxu mugziejax. Nxap veuqit gqa hago va loqo uq cte dodg qkpsem’d haha smqqof givdic yzul idvoqa e Bajlax quwziodej amk ozlecs ij lu jowgowm eycesk juadvgev.
15. Qac mwu wesakvavr awmepazkogz fayaevhiy.

Uvsovfanq: Huhmez zeqfiza heokq’f ifmab iqoze xefic ye wuploob zevacum muccikm. Ey rbi woxa am pqexovw, rro saelvon yaurv’n eypoajz tiv kben so jii lug xeej cu mufujmeti yxu etuyi kuxez cudiolgn, oc qsuhx ikoni.

Yutwg, otwivu zwom pai zxep opb ocitveng CoyhkwaYCK nevyoufecx kruj vbatieek ghusbimv:

docker stop postgres

Pu ktuxy haig abl li hohi, erzec she gicresinb juyyutns eg Lupnagok:

docker-compose build
docker-compose up -d db
docker-compose up app

Jyaja hobrimhk hoiwq tdo narveleff qovhooxizg, qmihl hme dileriqi ux lte lexbjqeezk adm lkiz rpocy bja itv.

Where to go from here?

You’ve seen some basic recipes for how to run your app in a Docker environment. Because Docker is so flexible, these recipes only scratch the surface of the possibilities available to you. For example, you might want to allow your app to save uploaded files in the host’s file system. Or, you might want to configure the app to run behind an Nginx proxy server to get secure HTTPS access.