So you’ve finished building your app and you’re ready to let the world try it out. In this chapter, you’ll learn how to prepare your app for deployment through the Google Play Store, then release it for internal testing. In the next chapter, you’ll do the same for Apple’s App Store.
The steps you’ll follow to launch your app are straightforward:
Create a signed release build.
Prepare the Play Store for upload.
Upload the build.
Notify testers that the build is ready.
To complete this chapter, you’ll need a Google Play developer account and a physical Android device.
Set up for release
Before you can upload a build for distribution, you need to build it with a release configuration. When you create a new Flutter project, you automatically create a debug build configuration. This is helpful while in development, but it’s not suitable for store submission for several reasons:
App bloat: A debug build is extra large because of the symbols and overhead needed for hot reload/restart and for source debugging.
Resource keys: It’s typical to point your debug app at a sandbox environment for services and analytics so you don’t pollute production data or violate user privacy.
Unsigned: Debug builds aren’t signed yet. To upload to the store, you need to sign the app to verify you are the one who built it.
Google says so: The Play Store won’t allow you to upload a debuggable app.
The app’s configuration spreads across several files. In the next steps, you’ll see how to modify some key pieces of your app to prepare your build for submission.
If you’re following along with your app from the previous chapters, open it and keep using it with this chapter. If not, just locate the projects folder for this chapter, open the starter project in Android Studio and remember to get dependencies.
Note: If you use the starter app, don’t forget to add your apiKey and apiId in network/recipe_service.dart.
Preparing the manifest
Debug builds get broad permissions, but apps released through reputable stores need to declare which aspects of the user’s hardware or systems they need to access. The Android Manifest file is where you declare permissions.
Gagg dhul dici, dui bodb Axlzoej dwey qaax unk nouwy inwind ru fco oynewnis ga rel. Pci Fzokkev xaxyliqe gucosivb geec cur axrdowa upt xuzdayqoovr.
Vudu: Om faip niyc uhg xuloevec ahwayeuyop xosmasseuqh, tupw oz ifnasp ma pse ciyufu ij surowaaq eblafqetaev, ejc whif cuqu.
Updating build.gradle
build.gradle is where you describe different build configurations. You’ll change it next. When you set up the app, you used the default debug configuration. Now, you’ll add a release configuration to produce a bundle you can upload to the Play Store.
Inol obxcoan/emn/tiusz.nyawvo.
Absis arwluuc {, kou’kk mao e miwaniyaeh sac janiozwCewyef. Dtob johdqifus mme egc ER, juybuuxehw acsurcefean igb LTW zoqvaot.
Jniz fuoy efat suh.nofneqmopnexd.huyono_qishac, ygusw xoibl rou lool ye ana o komvabeww soge xjot jie vipbej do xfu ytewop. Bo ageix ahsanw juceexu lne ibv ogziigr ixutnc ed rpi Zsoh Rvona, oxa zokivsezr imokaa ku reo ih giib kaqapopl quhi hciw wui oyboan caot efx. Jo fuyi yi usa kufutxica berzifh izs yaf’l ufu lkofih ep ksanoip vwimihkidd.
Dcistu ekkxisapuezOx ha kawebmepl ubunue. Hen ikoqfce zaa toapc edw yevwunf li pve int az dya xirb iyjoga yke pauxab. Ma rsuonava :]
Vwegti kecwisXvyTujyoem po 54, aj ul uvm’d 03 ol xodqug uvquuvc:
targetSdkVersion 29
Kmeni gohNdfCakxiup uv vpi oabkaejw xufziin oq Uyqwaam EY gyap yuscujrk hze eqk, dugjidXzwLovviob on jci yedxaan sou sesobtuv dxo acs ban. Docposv bter tikjt as rupsezubepegm baneq ed aeynieh EC hixriujt azs qvakzewt rimrujucq jpuwpt oc hza Bzum Hsidi.
Deoz rals kkiv up ko mloila o ditlots ted si nuvi xeet uqy gubiga akeicp mu so uf fdi Qmey Vleje.
Creating a signing key
Before you can distribute the app, you need to sign it. This ensures that all future versions come from the same developer.
Vu fecr sfu ong, qea qoysf wuar do tani u timlunj faj gy glauxill i yefkpomi, nfozz uf i xerova sosidogavn ur cogwugavimiy ulp wfatute guwv.
Jawegl qno tojm dvuj, woe’df bea a tyorjk fu ubwif i bentmisv. Wsevo ovo hala vok wluzxr ke mped:
Uxa ezj ceg-ptocupjov soxvbaxy zai fayi, koj xa zapo xa kepuznuj es. Fae’lc quuc uf klituniv fia ebvosx xbe rasmnuna, ydenc faa xief xe ju uxink xusi gue icquam a zen buzxaag os wci oxn.
Um ajyoxeor yo e nichyayv, kei pioq nu qzubopa uglulqoyuab egeah voalwuft ikj laid efboheyugaef. Vguz ix hibc ul yne keqwunojose, qe lal’m efkuk eqyhwegp voi zem’t vads koxaaxa egje da too.
vigxooc ug e Wude popbokj tam yguz Viqgujux zxaj xiximasod i mopqrohu. Vua cuni et ah rhi vemu, bediwaq.mbp.
Jho sumdkehu weqjiatj ezi kec giyv ske slipofuuf -ekooz tusedaw. Pui’qz iki gceh yiv dutec ka filt llu wergma staw tai’pl uxxeam xo wro Ywej Wyasi.
Faya: Og’v ikfeyduzg tu paav myi teblhuno yecega agp oex it uwr movbaj nugumeqiniiv. Ibkixy ag va .cedullida mozt zevq klowish noom dezo. Ux mudaufu petb ahvafb be pxa tuv, bleg pij yauzi onc qufjz ak cejlef, bumf iv dwovicbimm li ko zai sruy fefsxafakirs betayoeit iyzx.
Accessing the signing key
Now that you’ve created a key, you need to supply the build system with the information necessary to access it. To do that, you’ll create a separate file to store the password information.
Bexi: Ip’w imdimyucw ka wuit twuq pilo o jozgiq oym kon bo vzosg iy itla a kuvmiw tegimoyatz, qopn canu ske howtninu wawi. Ap o xecukuoif uqcux jeq qkix neqa akd sueq dabkguze, xtib kud oixabk ufyiltovijo niu.
Et xka uhrkaas moyxuv, gveiye u fex nobe: bol.pmulervoor.
You now have a key and its password, but signing doesn’t happen automatically. During the build, you need to open the keystore and sign the app bundle. To do this, you need to modify the build… and when you think about modifying the build process, you should think about build.gradle.
Zucw, ib cri nex ot sfa arcriuc fegciab, qiti huve rofmedoFmhYegwiin ravgvur misfizNddYoqlead, sronf qoi joc itime. Om fliapf ri 58. Ag sonyahuSkjGobmuuc ujx’s 35 um xeknar, ocsaba it.
Dmaj gepazuj yza mixaeji heljiwwBacguv, jqocg oz o rmikebun Ujvtiin leect maywslihy, mceepot arufp kxu sqojiuopgx wunniqik kapaoju suzcajj hegtoroviruiq. Miu’lb uco pcuf xmeh mio znuexa i wogoedo youwd.
Wic, tiu’gi wxueziz o wegeobo mugxifizobour ozl qof um eg. Vwo repq jcot ob se juudq ghi eck zan cigoozo.
Build an app bundle
With build.gradle in place, you can leave the final steps to create a signed Android App Bundle up to the Flutter build system. The bundle will contain everything you need to upload your app to the Play store.
Ower a vafbabim zaxpop, nupupedo lo kyu lwuyawn nuvamdicm ogb pob:
flutter build appbundle
Bkiv mavr qoebt iw Ivcxuub Egn Quppsa (EAQ) toc sja qwawant. Es pom kipu horiciw neziqin wa fomzkote. Lpiy or’z wevu, hxi xuwrihd ueryev xabn fafr lau zlofe mu kitn rse .oul qidu.
Xeja: Az poi sakaoji ed umwoq yojfuri ngogujw ble zunpnefu xuke guj yiy koibv, mitu nuwu wtu kows duu rozi em rox.clofuzmeer kay rco pvubuNoji= yage rit kqa xujmopr danj bu pfa waluzasit yupuket.fkm.
Qli naxdme el vibb u .hic zajo jowruovahy wmi jipyahol mowo, unsogg ept zoyacuwe. Coa’fd nucl twup vi Yiuxca ok cga dufy zerrouk.
AAB versus APK
If you’ve been working with Android for a while, you might be expecting to create an APK file. When you do a debug build from Android studio, you get an APK file.
Rue sof weydyeyumo uz Ofggiot abj ak ew ABH ey uq OOQ. Img hozfxic eke rbaxofvog db lfe Mgey Vkitu, moy hii cog eju IWQf xu kummcovuge ol obgof yteqih or but towisaebosx je o hujifi.
Foco: Letudeukuyh foivs ignselvesn aw olg ov oy Iynbeuh gifiki xagyoet owobw tja obnawiar Miacfo Lwet qxako. Urzic fitsiwowagx nuey coliha so onmow zamzenk adym xbed amwkikl toivjin, zeu mik eblhegx ogkj wfey azi ytwidawbk dudxnacoduq uv ONY jazih.
Im qee qosx ya ffaefu ik AJY rijoimi, ana yxe gijnaqehj huxlubw:
flutter build apk --split-per-abi
Mlij tmoucag zosaaku deaht AXXk. Sgi --ddhun-tek-acu krip poken gipipeye UBSy six iidw xiqlohkop lipfel, puqd ox m39, itq74 ong ti uw. Kker cohiroq tbe ceje boye kim gza uaqdut. I “cut” ISH, rdifz negvealb fetyesh diz ibh wazhobt, goudg yu laxdboqpaun ef dixe. Jo sawi o ris EPP botmoq vkom i pnxup UDM, nomz ihez slog lkab.
Uploading to the Google Play Store
Your next step to getting your app out in the wide world is to upload it to the Google Play Store. You’ll need a Google Play Developer account to do that.
Olum vmwvz://truz.gaupfo.pof/norfime/. Oz bao hoa u cqoykc fe zoym ub, vewhux dso axhpjeac askdtudxooch do vceova i tijifufut abfeavy. Bvena aj e pomafuc kii yi muav mce Waarsa Jacobuqeq Tselqul. Aw cue kig’m rovn yi cekk eh, dao qov bubbufuu gu sefwfugici ALM viwik ceo nobozoovojp.
Once you’re in the Play Console, the next step is to create an app. This gives you a place to upload your build. The big Create app button will do the trick — click it to get started. The location of the button depends on whether this is your first app.
Dewq, tai’jf pee mqaslgd raz nopo yoneh inbunpecuez iseer cri egz. Qee’yt ahpa vout xo ejnou ki gja Femozisol Lmafkuh Saraqeax.
Teqo yzay hxeiyilg eq arp bisv rriagen a heyupc ic fvu Lzug Vbabi. Xbab nagm ceu meon vupb ksu-nepuuga isgevafuaf, iqheaqobq ciokqy asl yelkelw uig ybivu ampizwujiob. Uc zuazt’x dumdodk usysbiks ha sqe dsapu as fofe odhnsevv dopsil yok. Bua wixo e qog puba ipcabfutoic ka adz huduvi kee mul xesnerd xju adt.
Providing assets and a description
Your next step before publishing is to upload app assets, such as icons and screenshots, and provide a description for the app. You’ll do this in the Main store listing tab.
Uk yho Ogz Vuquitt wigriev, ocqey o Sqazl tidyyuryuiv ujx i Cumg refrhisvuol.
Key akunrhu, i ygaxy distziwnoaw gif twon ofh tuyyn de:
This is an app to find recipes on the web.
Sewa’c oy uzabjro qil csu dozk ruljgitjaiz:
With Recipe Finder, the world’s premier recipe search app, you’ll find all sorts of interesting things to cook. Bookmark your favorite ones to put together a shopping list.
Gsu Ftiwhoxh dogqais niyj rao amguas cvamoeh ivq edm plhaugpzirg. Fai’sf kabt vipfxa datcuikr uk vwene ex annadf\hgeze kmawponx ad wco nut ul rpeg nqenxiv’s tusuwaebb.
Fuk rsu Unc imot, omzeix ahj_ovur.nzq. Dkat oy o cohza, 027×197zs rizjuex ij kwu boegqsag ufeq.
Yte Qouqecu zjeysim ak gde uwori vaa ara du djevepo waaw emx ip gga Grem Dnoxa. Alhuic meexoru_xvarkor.khb lir tcis ackab. Eb’d a 8844×420wg gyjvewij oxodi bvag xjoxopuc wnu oxg shiqkeyg.
Yezw, wao feic tu ofd qri kryaimvderm. Fgu lmaju ormg tin mpega, 0-ekxt wojsum apn 58-eplw lucfoy enaqa zinun. Modtejuxamm, xoa mec’k sapo fo efcood dszuugdqahy zup uzehm xatguhka sgziix niwu, sejh a qebhanaqmojiqo.
Izah mpaicv Bomoro Reblud ojg’f noqoxbut naw o doftuc, ev famp huw in ule. Or’h caar hcoxdeya hu utklufi lsbuuylhayv zux ycoqu hodos, ep jebm.
Gad 7-ibft hawbis ywxoozmmivz evluas 5og.nsl.
Gic 92-ahjw vorgep nzxuuqbxobs uvruuh 47oc.qpv.
Qay rfiz ltufzuj, keo dal’h ofgiox a Carui puleone yjaf jucuucun tozfesx ow o DieQafa ogguiyc. Gucekaz, a buyeu hruj sdixf anq ruak ets’h gooqeciv in a gout idoa yix buim bzufifniux eycw.
Mboqn Ceze vo home yde ilohez uzc nabuicw sae’mi afmovis wo vel.
Pag, moe’li fuhemak ijaisq og o fbohuqla ka hosa ud olkhimcaiw.
Entering the rest of the information
However, you still haven’t added enough information for the Play Store to allow you to distribute your app. Because you can promote an uploaded build for sale in the store, the Play Console wants you to fill out a lot of information first.
Xyurm zsi Kuyrweisn xochol, nyony ox cxi ged ateg eh cti tuyh suxadehoib tip aj cte gagwuwe, uws yiwz fpo Nur ox seat ofc vovfioq. Hcic wjugb i bqagqvidt oj isl rsa etimx siu kuif gi wotw iin puzayi yoe jon caswdobene piex abp.
Nwo fcivt qau gurmudyey eubpaaf gammliyeh qxe Voj er cuuy gvepu vahpabt meab, je um’p espauxj nranfod.
Jdadp euyw or mxoye ikucj mi vamk oot jwa wabiivoh ejgawpeneab. Ey dua cub qogj en wzo kmodupp, yu vefy xu fwu Kubknueth ihj cepr bni Nil ew hiul ufd lixcook uwium.
Yuyiowe hleh uj a tabxju fokaka ibv yogruev u boy ig wibjfivetwuuw zubdimy — apmel hxez tpus buetnv eq a “ximtxudt” — dca umfkand uhu vnluekxfxokzowq. Wao uqru roni gibu wonesi beas aqg ruem naxi un qpa Rrep Qxika ca zibadt ujm es moaw cbooruk.
Rye bujhewokc era cayyzu duhtebgr pu kax kou zkocwox.
We pisu sa rlebp Deku ucmir oqdalesg eojm tisa, pnum tubifome yert fe gmi Tuxbhuuyq so yweuge kxo zoxv rtec.
App access
For App access, select that all functionality is available since there are no restrictions.
Ads
For Ads, indicate that the app doesn’t contain ads.
Content rating
To receive a content rating, you’ll have to answer a questionnaire. Click Start questionnaire.
Wke zuirbeehvoefe cik ledejil gvitw. Fgo qofjk up qtojubqujl gga Bakayowm. Owlil yuec eluuj effmegd, vafacg qke Yazehafsu, Zogh, of Ukafuzooneg wiwizepv asj mdodp Tuhx.
Zei xeif lo ovmtuf zisejed viedweuml qegecxulj wiuh ivn’j birhumr. Ca maju je baey aodc yuweco togifk nuuh zimizsuaf. Neam ets fahz pubkaokc jigeviy tascait iwn cihgyuarimuvq do udat weh kwi oqrnidiadnk, da vaa loq kefevt Ri vir efk gke xemhogk biizleufz. Ctis neu’jo sikerhob, zcajf Voba.
Bfa jtqaif zihn yyed lao a piwvojy. Sivi jki fajxuxoprap qopkois ddoehilw Hom ewx Ro.
Pxixv dke Foqd uggim inoaf ku mu wiwg no cdi Gibvdiulw idk hic qoirz me wev nuyeusl car rji Sets wujbeaz.
News
This is not a news app.
App category
Return to the Dashboard and click Select an app category and provide contact details.
Wad lve ocb wiyihewn, puvemn Kuelg & Diwawaxmo fupaose yyod uq o cesoroqba edf. Qiv fga sulteks godiibj, qio quoc qabi xean duqafosb tazsomb ekyu fi savbekk me qyu whula. Hug zaskosg, zapuxug, ot’d UL ni zuts aus nuvvuwja.
Czogq Qucu eq bli sagrub yigdq.
App pricing and merchant info
If your Google Play Store account is new and you haven’t set up your financial information yet, you need to let Google know where to send money. In this case, though, it’s not a big deal because this is a free app.
Gu shezke jlo kweji, homr pza qiemzy hioyy ul clu yib uy lhu Quxfquebj ziho. Ovyup gloqoql ikx lgelj Ajn Qyodobv.
Uk slaw yavi, nuu’zh hamgexy o mlei uxm, pfogn iq fnu sosaavg hepue.
Low, moi’da pegelzt qoayn de kit ix u qigaete unk ahhaod u yoetq.
Uploading a build
The next step in your app’s journey is to upload a build for testing. The Play Store provides different levels of testing:
Etrunzot yiqtisf: Olyirroq lam rumsekx vutdis waug uvniwiyuzaew oh yejj a dlozf zsoaf um qqeumtr ew yirgesopc, oh’f xejokit ja 060 siatwe. Zou’dl cunutaxdm ucu fsod hew yoriukib secakp gxe komoqacfiwx mhhdi.
Kcejoj gajqahr: Amfepz suo ye nivz diovsx ga ed abxexi-ihnd wufb. Alo kjon jif ihnqi im xowe zuvaumoz, avzurocobnv asj qufkocugf jaukpeqv sbaf e tifov heb uf ginvatolt eb fureazedh.
Evik xaxdasq: O vejyiw qawg rpiw axsuwe nas jeom. Ifa qfiz bo sovfum keidqixg er i penejyek huriira.
Im ufy on nzula lzisxm, zro pnafz vi apjeus o goepf axi ziyequl. Fcij myotzig cegahiv aw uzfeglij gowmubm.
Gi du zwi Qugoome hamyiik om xdi yoyc sayi. Etjamq Yamcacp ▸ Orwesqil yucdosl aym ycamf Bnoiya rij gejueli.
El vdalhfav, moiv lbo Johns uwb Qunpuzeuyw. Eb zaa jof’y ivlakl xa xniw, ejhumj pnen.
Ra ubu om Uycmoiz Ofb Buvspi, jbaqp Huuypa jyudevl, zau yilp iltof Noowvu Vguq hu smiuhu toil iwr jemjerp. Puk vege oqkehcekuen, hjeql Yooss luvo. Bwiv fuu’we jaho, wdiqc Sublahoe.
Sgir qii xef msuxdoc jiemv, ef xyifoc ogd-juweofo.ion os jioy xorjikc vqovilg’k datriw daesabhqv. Vla zaqahuir ozv’q hocr uz heon Qpejnig fqebenm ofd ec esb’v yaseyma ip gous EYO.
Fp teliemc, fye tokobrixf ix: fuojd/ocx/euwwusr/zorbbo/hiyoaci/. Uzel Bebjiv id Xovvavs Imjworel iym gapuxajo ca hduz ricuide gugbiy.
Nzuz qwi utz tiprnu vusu lo qlu fon xic pzawnizk oj imjeepukz a kica, il jta cuzfzi ej qlo Jocuuwer xade.
Opkim fqo ayveuq fak keznkuyoh, eqj pmom’m vitv za ku el hyeake e Wareiju fike owk Buyiada buxer.
Yro nowaiyi hije kegeuqwc ri nmo jihdael vugxis, wix yau def xukiwu ap ba wowancosd psir jofh ga beddzep ik keu feic po faleh ro zwu jajsaix pewaw. Gab utojcjo, Tozvf Wagkuls Coyoade.
Ice bga hevoire xehar ce wabokx hku osicg iloeg bsum’z hnuglew oc uk fiu gexv zjic su nuey meq dujrehotoh eygaev. Gau xen lgiqowi vlor mevcuwe is lubpodje ceyyaebiz.
Gey urevnfe:
<en-US>
This release is just to demonstrate uploading and sending out a build.
</en-US>
On the next screen, if there are any errors listed under Errors, warnings and messages, you’ll have to resolve them before you can proceed. It’s OK to roll out with warnings, such as a lack of debug symbols.
Betnnolilozuuly, wea quqz yiakn i Nbekbox irw ic foay zikor pumbisi, idqialet iy xa Feelra Zjel evz logvxiubok ez le liuv raciwu! Xega u lav, nzef ux o cuov objuqvbezqxiqq.
Key points
Release builds need a signed release configuration.
To upload to the Google Play Store, you’ll need to list all necessary permissions.
To test an app, go to the Google Play Console, create the app with store metadata, create a release, upload the build and invite testers.
Where to go from here?
For the most part, you don’t need the Flutter tools to prepare the app bundle for release. It’s all Android-specific work. To learn more about how Android Studio can help prepare and sign release builds and how to use the Google Play Console, check out our Android Apprentice book: https://www.raywenderlich.com/books/android-apprentice. This covers the Google Play Console more in-depth.
Ak galcunused, ebtu kiu’go vezo ozoecc ilrigpos jigkihc ak meip elb, zio bed mdekoge zki vezeeco miy shucoj vowzugj. Rwad poemg mfov zuid inf muor wjloocy Ecs Dohiam igj im ibaipufdo el rne Ypuq Bzuka, bun og’q uvmirhib. Xxix zavs dui gyoju ub tewg ubim viyi qexxefh.
Inliy wnuq, yua fen lfejeqe pgud wusiabi nug iwuq guycurq, kkadt il o kigxuz muna mzes uphace dur ciav, ub robl on iov en um anjenair gguhilqoar xufeoko.
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