How to Implement Movement in Different Genres of Games in Unity

Coding 2D Top Down Movement

Top down movement is when the user perceives one of the axes of movement as planar. That is, you perceive Catto going to the background when you press Up. Compare that with PaperCatto, which jumps on the spot when you press Up instead.

Published games in this genre include: Bomberman, Golden Axe Warrior, The Legend of Zelda, BattleShip and HALO Spartan Assault.

Hooking up Elements

Open the scene in RW/2D TopDown Movement/Scenes.

Now, in the Hierarchy, select Player Objects ▸ Catto ▸ Catto, the one with the Sprite Renderer.

Add the following components in the Inspector:

1. A Rigidbody 2D
2. A Box Collider 2D
3. An Animator

Here's a challenge for you: Try adding these elements on your own. If you have any trouble, follow this aid:

The Animator won't work without an Animator Controller. So, go to 2D TopDown Movement/Models/Catto and find the CattoAnimator controller. Drag and drop it into the Animator in the Inspector:

Press Play and... Catto falls down. You need to adjust the Rigidbody 2D to fix that. Gravity's causing Catto to fall so set the Gravity Scale property to 0 and try again.

Excellent! Catto stays put. He looks like he's actually on the floor from this perspective. He still can't move, though.

Writing a 2D Top Down Movement Script

Go to 2D TopDown Movement/Scripts and drag and drop TopDownMovement.cs into Catto. You can also do this:

Perfect! Double-click the script in the Inspector to edit it. This script seems much simpler than the previous one.

Now, add these three variables:

public int velocity;
private Vector3 movement;
private Animator cattoAnimator;

In Start, you tell Unity what to do with cattoAnimator. Use GetComponent so Unity associates the name cattoAnimator with the Animator attached to the GameObject.

Add this code:

cattoAnimator = GetComponent<Animator>();

As you did before, use Update to get input from the keyboard. Add this code:

movement = new Vector3(Input.GetAxis("Horizontal"), Input.GetAxis("Vertical"), 0);

cattoAnimator.SetFloat("Horizontal", movement.x);
cattoAnimator.SetFloat("Vertical", movement.y);
cattoAnimator.SetFloat("Amount", movement.magnitude);

transform.position = transform.position + movement * velocity * Time.deltaTime;

Breaking that up:

The variable movement contains the information from the horizontal and vertical axes from the keyboard.

It would go something like this:

The three calls to cattoAnimator use SetFloat, a built-in Unity function. Basically, it translates as: "Hey, Unity, look for Horizontal in cattoAnimator. Once you have it, pass the value of movement to it."

In this case, movement.x is just the X axis component. That is to say:

What about the last call? What's magnitude?

Magnitude is the result you get from two vectors fighting each other. As you need a diagonal movement, C# calculates magnitude for you.

Almost there... Don't forget to set the Velocity in the Inspector. 3 is a good value to start with.

Press Play and...

Done! But wait, there's more.

Go to 2D TopDown Movement/Scripts and add CollectCoins.cs to Catto. Now you can actually play the game.

Excellent! You finished the movement for your 2D top down game.

3D Click to Rotate and Move

Welcome to 3D worlds! From now on, all the games you'll cover are in 3D space.

Click to rotate and move games use the Diablo type of movement, where you click something to get contextual information and/or to move to a specific place.

Other examples of published games in this genre include: League of Legends, Age of Empires, Grim Fandango and Monkey Island.

Hooking up Elements

Open the scene in 3D ClickToRotate Movement/Scene.

So, by now you know what to do: You need to hook everything up first. Add the following components to Catto:

Adding a NavMesh Agent

Writing a Click to Rotate and Move Script

This is how to do it:

You also need to edit the Collider's size. Tip: switch to 2D view to help with sizing.

Expand Rigidbody in the Inspector. Go to Constraints, then freeze the rotation in X, Y and Z by checking the boxes.

To hook up the CattoAnimator, expand Animator in the Inpector. Go to 3D ClickToRotate Movement/Models/Catto/Animator and drag and drop it into the Controller.

You can do the same for the Avatar, or you can just hook it up in the Inspector:

Finally, make sure to check Apply Root Motion.

Here's how the final result looks:

Press Play. Catto will show the default idle animation, although he can't move yet.

So now you've set Catto up for animations. Next, you'll get him moving!

There's a special module Catto needs called a NavMesh: Nav for navigation, Mesh for... er... mesh :V. Seriously, it is a mesh: A very primitive shape that stores information about distance, position and other simple calculations.

The Agent is a program that performs certain tasks for you automatically.

A NavMesh Agent needs a NavMesh to work.

Look for Nav Mesh Agent in the Inspector and add it to Catto. The following settings work fine:

Feel free to experiment though, especially with the steering.

Open ClickToMove.cs in 3D ClickToRotate Movement/Scripts.

Add the following line to the top of the file:

• A Box Collider
• A Rigidbody
• An Animator

This is how to do it:



Note: Remember, it's Box Collider this time and not Box Collider 2D!

You also need to edit the Collider's size. Tip: switch to 2D view to help with sizing.



Expand Rigidbody in the Inspector. Go to Constraints, then freeze the rotation in X, Y and Z by checking the boxes.

To hook up the CattoAnimator, expand Animator in the Inpector. Go to 3D ClickToRotate Movement/Models/Catto/Animator and drag and drop it into the Controller.

You can do the same for the Avatar, or you can just hook it up in the Inspector:



Finally, make sure to check Apply Root Motion.

Here's how the final result looks:



Press Play. Catto will show the default idle animation, although he can't move yet.



So now you've set Catto up for animations. Next, you'll get him moving!

Adding a NavMesh Agent

There's a special module Catto needs called a NavMesh: Nav for navigation, Mesh for... er... mesh :V. Seriously, it is a mesh: A very primitive shape that stores information about distance, position and other simple calculations.

The Agent is a program that performs certain tasks for you automatically.

A NavMesh Agent needs a NavMesh to work.

Look for Nav Mesh Agent in the Inspector and add it to Catto. The following settings work fine:



Feel free to experiment though, especially with the steering.

Note: This scene already has a NavMesh. If you want to create your own, the navigation tab is under Window ▸ AI ▸ Navigation.

Writing a Click to Rotate and Move Script

Open ClickToMove.cs in 3D ClickToRotate Movement/Scripts.

Add the following line to the top of the file:

using UnityEngine.AI;

This gives you access to NavMeshAgent.

Then add these three variables at the top of the class:

public Animator cattoAnimator;
public NavMeshAgent cattoNavigation;
private Transform targetDestination;

This time, you're writing a NavMeshAgent variable type. But you already know how this works.

As you did previously, you initialize variables in Start:

void Start()
{
    cattoNavigation = GetComponent<NavMeshAgent>();
    cattoAnimator = GetComponent<Animator>();
}

There's a must-have function for click and move games: Physics.Raycast.

Add this code in Update:

if (Input.GetMouseButtonDown(0))
{
    RaycastHit hit;

    if (Physics.Raycast(Camera.main.ScreenPointToRay(Input.mousePosition), out hit, 100))
    {
        cattoNavigation.destination = hit.point;

        cattoAnimator.SetBool("Walking", true);
    }

}

if(cattoNavigation.remainingDistance <= cattoNavigation.stoppingDistance)
{
    cattoAnimator.SetBool("Walking", false);
}

What's happening here? When the player presses the left mouse button, the current position of the mouse on screen (a 2D coordinate) is converted into a ray with ScreenPointToRay. The ray is then cast into the 3D scene with Physics.Raycast, a technique known as hit testing. The out keyword specifies that the hit results should be stored in the provided hit parameter.

Finally, you set cattoNavigation.destination to hit.point once the ray-cast hits something, which should be where the mouse was clicked in 3D space.

The call to the cattoAnimator, as you saw before, asks for the Walking animation.

In plain English, "Hey, Unity, shoot a ray where I clicked and set Catto's destination to the place on the ground where that ray hits."

The last if compares the distance between the two points: where you clicked and where Catto should stop moving. You can change this value in the Inspector.

Add the script ClickToMoveto Catto and run your game. Follow the path to find Ratto!

Congrats! You've learned how to move a character in three different game types. Just one more to go.